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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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uruguay.4
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1991-04-11
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Economy
Overview: The economy is slowly recovering from the deep
recession of 1981-84. In 1986 real GDP grew by 6.6% and in
1987 by 4.9%. The recovery was led by growth in the agriculture
and fishing sectors, agriculture alone contributing 20%
to GDP, employing about 11% of the labor force, and generating
a large proportion of export earnings. Raising livestock,
particularly cattle and sheep, is the major agricultural
activity. In 1988, despite healthy exports and an improved
current account, domestic growth slowed because of government
concentration on the external sector, adverse weather conditions,
and prolonged strikes. High inflation rates of about 80%,
a large domestic debt, and frequent strikes remain major
economic problems for the government.
GDP: $8.8 billion, per capita $2,950; real growth rate 1%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 80% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: 9.0% (1989 est.).
Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion,
including capital expenditures of $165 million (1988).
Exports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--hides
and leather goods 17%, beef 10%, wool 9%, fish 7%, rice 4%;
partners--Brazil 17%, US 15%, FRG 10%, Argentina 10% (1987).
Imports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1989 est.); commodities--fuels
and lubricants 15%, metals, machinery, transportation equipment,
industrial chemicals; partners--Brazil 24%, Argentina 14%,
US 8%, FRG 8% (1987).
External debt: $6 billion (1988).
Industrial production: growth rate -2.9% (1988 est.).
Electricity: 1,950,000 kW capacity; 4,330 million kWh produced,
1,450 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: meat processing, wool and hides, sugar, textiles,
footwear, leather apparel, tires, cement, fishing, petroleum
refining, wine.
Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock
grazing; wheat, rice, corn, sorghum; self-sufficient in
most basic foodstuffs.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $105 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $263 million; Communist countries (1970-88),
$69 million.
Currency: new Uruguayan peso (plural--pesos); 1 new Uruguayan
peso (N$Ur) = 100 centesimos.
Exchange rates: new Uruguayan pesos (N$Ur) per US$1--832.62
(January 1990), 605.62 (1989), 359.44 (1988), 226.67 (1987),
151.99 (1986), 101.43 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.